Saturday, February 8, 2014


Prophet Mohammed Descent


Caliphate Descent of the Sayeds and Sayedas of the House of El Zhafar Khan ibn Vere and the Ulster House Ua’Hanlon, from the Prophet Mohammed and the lady Khadijah.

Mohammed = Khadijah

570 - 632 d. 619

Seal of the

Prophets

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Fatimah Zahra = Ali ibn Abi Talib (4th Caliph)

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Hasan ibn Ali

5th Caliph & 2nd Imam

B. 625 A.D. and D. 670 A.D.

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Hussein (Husayn) ibn Hasan
B. 669 A.D.

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Zahra (B. 709 A.D.) = Abu Farisi of al-Hira

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Na’im of al-Lakhmi
B. 740 A.D.

Ruler of al-Hira

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Itaf ibn Na'im al-Lakhmi
(B. 804 A.D.)

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Amr 'Itaf al-Baghdadi
(B. 817 A.D.)

(Moved to Seville, Spain)

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Aslan 'Amr al-Isbili
(B. 864 A.D.)

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Abbad 'Amr al-Isbili
(B. 894 A.D.)

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Qarais al-Lakhmi 'Abbad al-Isbili
(B. 924 A.D.)

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Isma'il ibn Qarays, Imam of Seville
(B. 951 A.D.)

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Muhammad I Kadi Abu'l-Kasim ibn Ismail,
Emir of Seville, Spain (B. 984 A.D. - d. 1042 A.D.)

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Muhammed II al-Mutamid Abu Amr Abbad
(B. 1014 A.D. - d. 1086 A.D.)

Emir of Seville, Spain (1042 A.D. - 1069 A.D.)

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Muhammad III Ibn Abbad Al Mutamid
(B. 1040 A.D. - d. 1095 A.D.)

Emir of Seville (1069 A.D. - 1091 A.D.)

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Zayda/Isabel of (Sevilla) Castilla = Alfonso VI of Castile & Leon(B. 1069 – D. September 12, 1107 A.D.)

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Teresa of Castile and Leon = Henri of Burgundy (B. 1066 – D. 1112)

Countess /Condesa de Portugal (B. 1083 - D. 1130)

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Alfonso Enriques = Maud of Savoy
(B. 1109 – D. 1185)

1st King of Portugal

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Urraca of Portugal (B. 1151 – D. 1188) = Ferdinand II King of Leon

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Alfonso IX (B. 1171 – D. 1230) = Berengaria of Castile

King of Leon and Galicia

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Ferdinand III (B. 1199 – D. 1252) = Joan, Countess of Ponthieu

King of Castile & Toledo

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Princess Eleanor of Castile (B. 1241 – D. 1290) = King Edward I of England

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King Edward II (B. 1284 – D. 1327) = Princess Isabella of France

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King Edward III (B. 1327 – D. 1377) = Princess Phillipa of Hainault

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John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (B. 1340 – D. 1399) = Blanche of Lancaster (B. 1345 – D. 1368)

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Philippa of Lancaster (B. 1360 – D. 1415) = John I King of Portugal (B. 1358 – D. 1433)

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Edward I (Duarte I) (B. 1391 – D. 1438) = Eleanor of Aragon (B. 1402 – D. 1445)

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Afonso V (B.1432 – D. 1481) = Isabella of Coimbra (B. 1432 – D. 1455)

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John II of Portugal (B. 1455 – D. 1495) = Eleanor of Viseu (B. 1458 – D. 1525)

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Manuel I (B. 1469 – D. 1521) = Maria of Aragon (B. 1482 – D. 1517)

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John III (B. 1502 – D. 1557) = Catherine of Austria (B. 1507 – D. 1578)

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Sebastian I (B.1554 – D. 1578)

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Henry I, King of Portugal (B. 1512 – D. 1580)

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Habsburg dynasty - personal union of Portugal with Spain

Felipe I (1580 – 1598)
Felipe II (1598 – 1621)
Felipe III (1621 – 1640)

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John IV of Portugal (B. 1604 – D. 1656) = Luisa de Guzmán (B. 1613 – D. 1666)

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Prophet Muhammad - the founding of Islam

1) Generation: Fatimah Zahra
2) Generation: Hasan ibn Ali (5th Caliph & 2nd Imam}
3) Generation: Hussein (Husayn) ibn Hasan
4) Generation: "Zahra" / “Zohra”
5) Generation: Na'im of al-Lakhmi
6) Generation: Itaf ibn Na'im al-Lakhmi
7) Generation: Amr 'Itaf al-Baghdadi
8) Generation: Aslan 'Amr al-Isbili
9) Generation: Abbad 'Amr al-Isbili
10) Generation: Qarais al-Lakhmi 'Abbad al-Isbili
11) Generation: Ismail ibn Qarays, Imam of Seville
12) Generation: Muhammad I Kadi Abu'l-Kasim ibn Ismail, Emir of Seville
13) Generation: Muhammed II al-Mutamid Abu Amr Abbad, Emir of Seville
14) Generation: Muhammad III Ibn Abbad Al Mutamid, Emir of Seville
15) Generation: Zayda/Zaida/Isabel of (Sevilla) Castilla
16) Generation: Theresa of Castile and Leon / Teresa Alfonso, Condesa de Portugal
17) Generation: Afonso I of Portugal / Alfonso Enriques
18) Generation: Urraca of Portugal
19) Generation: Alfonso IX of León
20) Generation: Ferdinand III King of Castile & Toledo
21) Generation: Princess Eleanor of Castile
22) Generation: King Edward II
23) Generation: King Edward III
24) Generation: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
25) Generation: Philippa of Lancaster
26) Generation: Edward I (Duarte I)
27) Generation: Infante Ferdinand (son of Edward I (Duarte I)
28) Generation: Manuel I
29) Generation: Infante Edward, 4th Duke of Guimarães
30) Generation: Infanta Catherine of Guimarães, Duchess of Braganza
31) Generation: Teodósio II, the 7th Duke of Braganza
32) Generation: Duarte of Bragança (1605–1649), Lord of Vila do Conde
33) Generation: José Ribeiro de Andrada is descendant of son or daughter of Duarte of Bragança
34) Generation: José Ribeiro de Andrada (1678 – 1767)
35) Generation: Bonifácio José Ribeiro de Andrada (1726 – 1789)
36) Generation: José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (1763 – 1838)
37) Generation: Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada / Gabriela Frederica Ribeiro de Andrada
38) Generation: José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (The Young) / (O Moco) (1827 - 1886)
39) Generation: Maria Flora de Andrada e Silva
40) Generation: Sylvia Andrada de Souza Queiroz
41) Generation: Jose Carlos Pilar do Amaral
42) Generation: Ricardo C. Amaral



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Prophet Muhammad - the founding of Islam

Born: August 20, 570 A.D. - in Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Died: June 8, 632 A.D. - in Medina, Saudi Arabia

He meets and marries in 595 A.D. Khadijah, a 40-year-old widow who was 15 years older than he. Muhammad consented to the marriage, which by all accounts was a happy one.

597 A.D. birth of Zainab, his first daughter, followed by: Ruqayyah, Umm Khultoom, and Fatimah Zahra.

1) Generation: Fatimah Zahra

Fatimah Zahra (born in 605 A.D. – died in 633 A.D.) was a daughter of Prophet Muhammad and Khadijah, wife of Ali ibn Abi Talib and mother of Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, and one of the five members of Ahl al-Bayt. Fatimah Zahra became the object of great veneration by all Muslims, because she lived closest to her father and supported him in his difficulties, because of the historical importance of her husband and her two sons, and because she is the only member of Prophet Muhammad's family that gave him descendants, numerously spread through the Islamic world.

619 A.D. the year of sorrows: Khadijah (Prophet Muhammad's wife) died.


Ali ibn Abi Talib (4th Caliph)Born: September 20, 600 A.D. - in Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Died: January 27, 661 A.D. - in Kūfah, Iraq

Married to Fatimah Zahra and father of Hasan ibn Ali.

Ali was also the first male who accepted Islam. Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided Caliphs), while Shias regard Ali as the first Iman and consider him and his descendants the rightful successors to Muhammad, all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt, the household of Muhammad. This disagreement split the Ummah (Muslim community) into the Sunni and Shia branches.



2) Generation: Hasan ibn Ali (5th Caliph & 2nd Imam}

Hasan ibn Ali

Born: March 4, 625 A.D. - in Medina, Saudi Arabia

Died: March 9, 670 A.D. - in Medina, Saudi Arabia


He married nine women:
  1. Um Kulthum bint Alfadhl bin Al-Abbas bin Abdulmuttalib bin Hashim
  2. Khawla bint Mandhoor bin Zaban bin Syar bin Amro
  3. Um Basheer bint Abi Mas'ud
  4. Ju'da bint Al-Ash'ath bin Qays Ma'di Karb Alkindi
  5. Um Ishaq bint Talha bin Ubaydillah bin Uthman Al-Taymi
  6. Zainab bint Sabee' bin Abdullah
  7. Baqliya
  8. Dhamya'
  9. Safia

Hasan ibn Ali married Zhadeh (Ju'da) bint Al-Ash'ath (Ibn Qays) (B. 644 A.D. and D. 670 A.D.)

Children: Al-Hasan al-Muthana ibn Hasan
Hussein (Husayn) ibn Hasan


3) Generation: Hussein (Husayn) ibn Hasan

Hussein (Husayn) ibn Hasan ((B. 669 A.D. and D. 6 A.D.)

Husayn was the son of Al-Hasan al-Sibt and Jada bint al-Ash'ath.1


Zohra was the daughter of Husayn.1 Her name was also spelt "Zahra."1 Zohra, married Abu Farisi of al-Hira, son of Abu 'abed of al-Hira.1

Abu Farisi of al-Hira was the son of Abu 'abed of al-Hira.1 Abu, married Zohra, daughter of Husayn.1

Na'im was born in al-Lakhmi, Arabia.1 He was the son of Abu Farisi of al-Hira and Zohra.1


Citations

1) Stuart, Roderick W. Royalty for Commoners, The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philippa. Fourth Edition. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2002.




4) Generation: "Zahra" / “Zohra”

(Her name was also spelt Zahra or Zohra)

Zohra 'al-Lakhmi' married Abu Farisi of al-Hira

Zohra 'al-Lakhmi' (B. 709 A.D.)



5) Generation: Na'im of al-Lakhmi

Na'im was born in al-Lakhmi, Arabia. He was the son of Abu Farisi of al-Hira and Zohra.

Na'im of al-Lakhmi (B. 740 A.D.)



6) Generation: Itaf ibn Na'im al-Lakhmi

Itaf ibn Na'im al-Lakhmi (B. 804 A.D.). He was the son of Na'im of al-Lakhmi



7) Generation: Amr 'Itaf al-Baghdadi

Amr 'Itaf al-Baghdadi (B. 817 A.D.). He was the son of Itaf ibn Na'im al-Lakhmi



8) Generation: Aslan 'Amr al-Isbili

Aslan 'Amr al-Isbili (B. 864 A.D.). He was the son of 'Amr 'Itaf al-Baghdadi



9) Generation: Abbad 'Amr al-Isbili

Abbad 'Amr al-Isbili (B. 894 A.D.). He was the son of Aslan 'Amr al-Isbili



10) Generation: Qarais al-Lakhmi 'Abbad al-Isbili

Qarais al-Lakhmi 'Abbad al-Isbili (B. 924 A.D.). He was the son of Abbad 'Amr al-Isbili



11) Generation: Ismail ibn Qarays, Imam of Seville

Ismail ibn Qarays, Imam of Seville (B. 951 A.D.). He was the son of Qarais al-Lakhmi 'Abbad al-Isbili


12) Generation: Muhammad I Kadi Abu'l-Kasim ibn Ismail, Emir of Seville

Muhammad I Kadi Abu'l-Kasim ibn Ismail, Emir of Seville (B. 984 A.D. - d. 1042 A.D.). He was the son of Ismail ibn Qarays, Imam of Seville



13) Generation: Muhammed II al-Mutamid Abu Amr Abbad, Emir of Seville

Muhammed II al-Mutamid Abu Amr Abbad, Emir of Seville (B. 1014 A.D. - d. 1086 A.D.). He was the son of Muhammad I Kadi Abu'l-Kasim ibn Ismail, Emir of Seville



14) Generation: Muhammad III Ibn Abbad Al Mutamid, Emir of Seville

Muhammad III Ibn Abbad Al Mutamid, Emir of Seville (B. 1040 A.D. - d. 1095 A.D.). He was the son of Muhammed II al-Mutamid Abu Amr Abbad, Emir of Seville



15) Generation: Zayda/Zaida/Isabel of (Sevilla) Castilla

Zaida/Isabel of (Sevilla) Castilla

Princess Zaida's father: Abbad Al-Mu'Tami (Abbad III)

Born: 1069 A.D. in Denia, Spain

Died: September 12, 1107 A.D. in Spain

Zaida converted from Christianity to Islam. She was not the wife and then widow of the son of Al Mutamid, as few said, but was the daughter of Al Mutamid, some said that the motive for which was removed Al Mutamid from the Al Moravid was that the Scholar of Islam, Al Tartushi issued a fatwa, (Islamic opinion) to remove Al Mutamid for the marriage of the daughter with a Christian.

She's buried in Sahagun under the inscription "H.R. Regina Elisabeth, uxor regis Adefonsi, filia Benabet Regis Sevillae, quae prius Zayda, fuit vocata" (cited by Marin Guzman) In Spanish: "Aqui descansa la reina Isabel, mujer del rey Alfonso, hija de Aben-Abeth, rey de Sevilla; que antes se llamaba Zayda". In English: "here lies Queen Elizabeth, wife of King Alfonso, daughter of Aben-abeth, king of Seville; previously called Zayda. Zayda was originally buried at the monastery in Sahagun but later moved to Leon where her sepulchre and inscription can be found.

The old inscription are already proof that Zayda was daughter of Al Mutamid, Muhammad bin Abbad Al-Mutamid, of the Bani Abbad.

Sources in Morocco are convinced she was the daughter of the Emir. They claim that the Christians in Spain removed and altered records that indicated a Muslim ancestry for their Royal houses. The Emir was exiled in Morocco after being expelled from Spain, and it is claimed records from this time are still in Morocco.

The Spanish Reconquista was completed in 1492, with the final conquest of Granada by the armies of Ferdinand V. Ironically, Ferdinand (husband of Queen Isabella, who sent Christopher Columbus on his mission) was a descendant of Isabella of Denia, who had been born Zaida, daughter of Mu'tamid.

When Seville was conquered by Alfonso VI, Zaida was forcibly converted to Catholicism and equally forcibly married to her city's conqueror. The great irony of this is that the Abbadids could claim direct descent from the Prophet Muhammad. Through this forced marriage, the bloodline of the Prophet entered the dynastic intermixture of European royalty and nobility, ensuring that most European nobles - and all the currently ruling monarchs of Europe, are descendants of the Prophet Muhammad.

In 1091 the Almoravides stormed Seville. Muhammad, who had fought bravely, weakly ordered his sons to surrender the fortresses they still held, in order to save his own life. He died in prison in Africa in 1095.

Zaida/Isabel died in childbirth (September 12, 1107 A.D.), and it is unclear whether the child being delivered was Sancho, or an additional child, otherwise unknown.


Alfonso VI de Castilla y Leon el Bravo

Born: 1031 A.D.

Died: June 30, 1109 A.D.

Alfonso VI married to Zaida/Isabel of (Sevilla) Castilla and father of Theresa of Castile and Leon


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Child of Zaida Princess of Seville and Alfonso VI "the Brave" King of Castile, Leon, and Navarre

Citations

  1. Stuart, Roderick W. Royalty for Commoners, The Complete Known Lineage of John of Gaunt, Son of Edward III, King of England, and Queen Philippa. Fourth Edition. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2002.


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Alfonso VI married to Zaida/Isabel of (Sevilla) Castilla and they had a daughter Theresa of Castile and Leon

Regarding Theresa of Castile and Leon, Condesa de Portugal (Born 1083 - Died 1130)
According to Stuart's "Royalty for Commoners", 3rd edition, her mother was Zaida, Princess of Seville, 1069 - 1107. Zaida was also the wife of Alfonso VI. It also states that Zaida was known as Maria, Isabel, and Ximena.



16) Generation: Theresa of Castile and Leon / Teresa Alfonso, Condesa de Portugal

Theresa of Castile and Leon / Teresa Alfonso, Condesa de Portugal (Born 1083 - Died 1130)

Queen Theresa of Portugal, Countess of Portugal, (Portuguese Rainha Dona Teresa, Condessa de Portugal) (sometimes Infanta Teresa of León) (Born 1083 – Died November 11, 1130), daughter of King Alfonso VI of León and Castile and Princess Zaida/Isabel of Seville - Sources in Morocco are convinced and they claim that the Christians in Spain removed and altered records that indicated a Muslim ancestry for their Royal houses and they listed Princess Zaida's daughters Theresa and Elvira as daughters of Ximena Moniz. In 1094, her father married Theresa to a French nobleman, Henry of Burgundy, nephew to the queen, a brother of the Duke of Burgundy, a descendant of the kings of France in the male line.) And her sister Elvira, married Roger II of Sicily.

In 1094, her father married her to a French nobleman, Henry of Burgundy, nephew to the queen, a brother of the Duke of Burgundy, a descendant of the kings of France in the male line. Henry was providing military assistance to father-in-law against the Muslims on the Portuguese march. The County of Portugal, the southern part of the realm of the assassinated brother of the Leonese king, Garcia II of Galicia and Portugal, was Theresa's dowry, establishing Henry as Regent in the County of Portugal, her personal fief, till her coming of age.

At first, Henry was a vassal of his father-in-law, but when Alfonso VI died in 1109, leaving everything to his daughter Urraca of Castile, Henry invaded León, hoping to add it to his lands. When he died in 1112, Teresa was a very young widow, maybe aged eighteen years, and left to deal with the military and political situation. The Queen took on the responsibility of government, and occupied herself at first mainly with her southern lands, that had only recently been reconquered from the Moors as far as the Mondego River.

In 1116, in an effort to expand her power, Queen Teresa fought her half-sister and Queen, Urraca. They fought again in 1120, as she continued pursue a larger share in the Leonese inheritance, and allied herself as a widow to the most powerful Galician nobleman for that effect. This was Count of Trava, who had rejected his first wife to openly marry her, and served her on her southern border of the Mondego. In 1121, she was besieged and captured at Lanhoso, on her northern border with Galicia, fighting her sister Queen Urraca. A negotiated peace was coordinated with aid from the Archbishops of Santiago de Compostela and Braga. The terms included that Queen Theresa would go free and hold the county of Portugal as a fief of León, as she received it at first.

By 1128, the Archbishop of Braga and the main Portuguese feudal nobles had had enough of her persistent Galician alliance, which the first feared could favour the ecclesiastical pretensions of his new rival the Galician Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, Diego Gelmírez, who had just started to assert his pretensions to an alleged discovery of relics of Saint James in his town, as his way to gain power and riches over the other cathedrals in the Iberian Peninsula.

The Portuguese lords rebelled, and the Queen was deposed after a short civil war. Her son and heir, Afonso, defeated Teresa's troops near Guimarães and lead her, along with the Count of Trava and their children, into exile in the kingdom of Galicia, near the Portuguese border, where the Trava founded the monastery of Toxas Altas. Teresa died soon afterwards in 1130, being succeeded by her son.

Historian Marsilio Cassotti refers that the pope, the authority morale of medieval Christian Europe, already referred to Theresa as "Queen". She was first grated that title by pope Pascoal II after she defended Coimbra, important city in the border between Christian Europe and Islam. In 1117 there's a document that clearly refers to her as "Queen". Theresa, given the fact, that the pope referred to her as "Queen", she reaffirmed herself as such and wrote down in documents "Daughter of Alphonso and elected by God", thus justifying her godly right to rule.


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Theresa of Castile and Leon, Condesa de Portugal married Henry of Burgundy and they had a son
Afonso I of Portugal / Alfonso Enriques.



17) Generation: Afonso I of Portugal / Alfonso Enriques

Afonso I of Portugal / Alfonso Enriques (B. 1109 – D. 1185)

Afonso I (25 June 1109, Guimarães or Viseu – 6 December 1185, Coimbra), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques, nicknamed "the Conqueror" (Portuguese: o Conquistador), "the Founder" (o Fundador) or "the Great" (o Grande) by the Portuguese, and El-Bortukali ("the Portuguese") and Ibn-Arrik ("son of Henry", "Henriques") by the Moors whom he fought, was the first King of Portugal. He achieved the independence of the southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia, the County of Portugal, from Galicia's overlord, the King of León, in 1139, establishing a new kingdom and doubling its area with the Reconquista, an objective that he pursued until his death, in 1185, after forty-six years of wars against the Moors.




18) Generation: Urraca of Portugal

Afonso I of Portugal / Alfonso Enriques married Maud of Savoy and they had a daughter Infanta Urraca of Portugal

Infanta Urraca of Portugal (B. 1151 – D. 1188) was a Portuguese infanta (princess), daughter of Afonso I, 1st King of Portugal and his wife Maud of Savoy.
Urraca was born at Coimbra. She married Ferdinand II of León (B. 1165) with whom she had a son Alfonso IX of León.



19) Generation: Alfonso IX of León

Alfonso IX of León (B. 15 August 1171 – D. 23 or 24 September 1230) was king of León and Galicia from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death.

Alfonso was born in Zamora. He was the only son of King Ferdinand II of León and Urraca of Portugal. He took a part in the work of the Reconquest, conquering the area of Extremadura (including the cities of Cáceres and Badajoz).

He took steps towards modernizing and democratizing his dominion and founded the University of Salamanca in 1212. In 1188 he summoned the first parliament reflecting full representation of the citizenry ever seen in Western Europe, the Cortes of León.[

Alfonso IX of León died on 24 September 1230. His death was particularly significant in that his son, Ferdinand III of Castile, who was already the King of Castile also inherited the throne of León from his father. In an effort to quickly consolidate his power over León, Ferdinand III abandoned a military campaign to capture the city of Jaén immediately upon hearing news of his fathers death and traveled to León to be crowned king. This coronation united the Kingdoms of León and Castile which would go on to dominate the Iberian Peninsula.



20) Generation: Ferdinand III King of Castile & Toledo

Ferdinand III, T.O.S.F., (5 August 1199 – 30 May 1252) was the King of Castile from 1217 and King of León from 1230 as well as King of Galicia from 1231.[1] He was the son of Alfonso IX of León and Berenguela of Castile. Through his second marriage he was also Count of Aumale. Ferdinand III was one of the most successful kings of Castile, securing not only the permanent union of the crowns of Castile and León, but also masterminding the most expansive campaign of Reconquista yet.

First marriage

In 1219, Ferdinand married Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen (1203–1235), daughter of the German king Philip of Swabia and Irene Angelina. Elisabeth was called Beatriz in Spain. Their children were:

  1. Alfonso X, his successor
  3. Ferdinand (1225–1243/1248)
  4. Eleanor (born 1227), died young
  5. Berengaria (1228–1288/89), a nun at Las Huelgas
  7. Philip (1231–1274). He was promised to the Church, but was so taken by the beauty of Christina of Norway, daughter of Haakon IV of Norway, who had been intended as a bride for one of his brothers, that he abandoned his holy vows and married her. She died in 1262, childless.
  8. Sancho, Archbishop of Toledo and Seville (1233–1261)
  10. Maria, died an infant in November 1235


Second marriage

After he was widowed, he married Joan, Countess of Ponthieu, before August 1237. They had four sons and one daughter:
  1. Ferdinand (1239–1260), Count of Aumale
  2. Eleanor (c.1241–1290), married Edward I of England. They had sixteen children including the future Edward II of England and every English monarch after Edward II is a descendant of Ferdinand III.
  3. Louis (1243–1269)
  4. Simon (1244), died young and buried in a monastery in Toledo
  5. John (1245), died young and buried at the cathedral in Córdoba



21) Generation: Princess Eleanor of Castile

Princess Eleanor of Castile (B. 1241 – D. 1290)

Eleanor (B. 1241 – D. 1290), married Edward I of England. They had sixteen children including the future Edward II of England and every English monarch after Edward II is a descendant of Ferdinand III.



22) Generation: King Edward II

King Edward II (B. 1284 – D. 1327) - (House of Plantagenet)

Edward II (B. 25 April 1284 – D. 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon
King Edward II (House of Plantagenet)

On 25 January 1308, Edward married Isabella of France, the daughter of King Philip IV of France, in an attempt to bolster an alliance with France. On 25 February the pair were crowned in Westminster Abbey.

On 23 September 1327 Edward III was informed that his father had died on 21 September 1327.



23) Generation: King Edward III

King Edward III (B. 1312 – D. 1377) - (House of Plantagenet)

King Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377). Married Philippa of Hainault on 24 January 1328.

Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was King of England from 1327 until his death; he is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II. Edward III transformed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe; his reign also saw vital developments in legislation and government—in particular the evolution of the English parliament—as well as the ravages of the Black Death. He is one of only six British monarchs to have ruled England or its successor kingdoms for more than fifty years.



24) Generation: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (B. 1340 – D. 1399)

John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 – 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as Gaunt.

John of Gaunt's legitimate male heirs, the Lancasters, included Kings Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. His other legitimate descendants included, by his first wife, Blanche, his daughters Queen Philippa of Portugal and Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter; and by his second wife, Constance, his daughter Queen Catherine of Castile.


Blanche of Lancaster, Duchess of Lancaster (B. 1345 – D. 1368)

Blanche of Lancaster, Duchess of Lancaster (25 March 1345 – 12 September 1368) was an English noblewoman and heiress, daughter of England's wealthiest and most powerful peer, Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. She was the first wife of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and the mother of King Henry IV of England.

Blanche and John of Gaunt together had seven children:

Blanche's daughter, Philippa, married John of Portugal which made Blanche the ancestress of the successive kings of Portugal. This line led to Isabella I of Castile, and through Isabella, Blanche is an ancestress of various European monarchs.

In 1374, six years after her death, John of Gaunt commissioned a double tomb for himself and Blanche from the mason Henry Yevele: the magnificent monument in the choir of St Paul's was completed by Yevele in 1380, with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, having cost a total of £592. Gaunt himself died in 1399, and was laid to rest beside Blanche. The two effigies were notable for having their right hands joined.


*****


John of Gaunt married Blanche of Lancaster and they had a daughter Philippa of Lancaster.



25) Generation: Philippa of Lancaster
Philippa of Lancaster (B. 1360 – D. 1415)

Philippa of Lancaster, LG (Portuguese: Filipa de Lencastre; 31 March 1360 – 19 July 1415) was a Queen consort of Portugal. Born into the royal family of England, her 1387 marriage with King John I of Portugal secured the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (1373–1386) and produced several children who became known as the "Illustrious Generation" in Portugal. She was the eldest daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and Blanche of Lancaster, and a sister of King Henry IV of England.


John I King of Portugal (B. 1358 – D. 1433)

John I (or João I) born in Lisbon, in 11 April 1358 – Died in 14 August 1433), called the Good (sometimes the Great) or of Happy Memory, was the tenth King of Portugal and the Algarve and the first to use the title Lord of Ceuta. He was the natural son of Peter I by a woman named Teresa Lourenço, who some say was a noble Galician, daughter of Lourenço Martins, o da Praça, and wife Sancha Martins. In 1364 he was created Grand Master of the Order of Aviz, by which title he was known. He became king in 1385, after the 1383–1385 Crisis.

On 11 February 1387, John I married Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, who had proved to be a worthy ally, consolidating the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance that endures to the present day.

Philippa of Lancaster

Philippa was apparently a generous and loving queen, the mother of the "Illustrious Generation" (in Portuguese, Ínclita Geração) of infantes (princes) and infantas (princesses). Her children were:

  • Blanche (1388–1389) – died in infancy.
  • Afonso (July 1390 – 22 December 1400) – died in infancy.
  • Edward (Duarte) (1391–1438). He was a writer and an intellectual who succeeded his father as King of Portugal in 1433;
  • Peter (1392–1449) – the Duke of Coimbra, a well-travelled man who served as Regent during the minority of his nephew Afonso V;
  • Henry the Navigator (1394–1460) – first Duke of Viseu, who guided Portugal to the Great era of The Discoveries;
  • Isabella (1397–1472) – married Philip III of Burgundy
  • John (1400–1442) – Constable of Portugal, Lord of Reguengos, the grandfather of two 16th century Iberian monarchs, Manuel I of Portugal and Isabella I of Castile;
  • Blanche (1398) – died in infancy
  • Ferdinand (1402–1443) – "the Saint Prince," a warrior who was captured during the Disaster of Tangier in 1437 and died a prisoner of the Moors.

Philippa of Lancaster married John I King of Portugal and they had a son Edward I (Duarte I).

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26) Generation: Edward I (Duarte I)

Edward I (Duarte) (B. 1391 – D. 1438)

Edward, KG, Portuguese: Duarte (Portuguese pronunciation: [duˈaɾt(ɨ)]; 31 October 1391 – 9 September 1438), called the Philosopher or the Eloquent, was King of Portugal and the Algarve and second Lord of Ceuta from 1433 until his death. He was born in Viseu, the son of John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, a daughter of John of Gaunt. He was named in honor of his great-grandfather, King Edward III of England. Edward was the oldest member of the Ínclita Geração.

Duarte married Eleanor of Aragon, a daughter of Ferdinand I of Aragon.


Eleanor of Aragon (1 February 1402 – 19 February 1445) was queen consort of Portugal as the spouse of Edward I of Portugal and the regent of Portugal as the guardian of her son. She was the daughter of Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque.

She married King Edward of Portugal on 22 September 1428. They had nine children, of whom five survived to adulthood.

Note:
Infante Ferdinand (17 November 1433 – 18 September 1470); Duke of Viseu and father of future king Manuel I of Portugal.

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27) Generation: Infante Ferdinand

Infante Ferdinand (17 November 1433 – 18 September 1470); Duke of Viseu and father of future king Manuel I of Portugal.


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Afonso V

Afonso V (B.1432 – D. 1481)

Afonso V KG (15 January 1432 – 28 August 1481), called the African (Portuguese: o Africano), was King of Portugal and the Algarves. His sobriquet refers to his conquests in Northern Africa.

Afonso was born in Sintra, the eldest son of King Edward of Portugal by his wife, Eleanor of Aragon. Afonso V was only six years old when he succeeded his father in 1438.

Afonso V married Isabel of Coimbra (B. 1432 – D. 1455)

Isabella of Coimbra and Afonso V were married on 6 May 1447. Both the bride and groom were fifteen. They had three children:

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John II of Portugal

John II of Portugal (B. 1455 – D. 1495)

John II (Portuguese: João II); (3 March 1455 – 25 October 1495), the Perfect Prince (Portuguese: o Príncipe Perfeito), was the king of Portugal and the Algarves in 1477/1481–1495. He is known for re-establishing the power of the Portuguese throne, reinvigorating its economy, and renewing its exploration of Africa and the Orient.

Eleanor of Viseu (2 May 1458 – 17 November 1525); (Portuguese: Leonor de Viseu) was a Portuguese infanta (princess) and later queen consort of Portugal.

To distinguish her from other infantas of the same name, she is commonly known as Eleanor of Viseu (after her father's title) or Eleanor of Lancaster (Lancaster, a name used by some Portuguese royals after her great-grandmother Queen Philippa of Lancaster). In Portugal, she is known universally as Rainha Dona Leonor. She is considered one of the more notable of the Portuguese queen consorts. She was the second, and one of only two queen consorts in Portugal, who was not a foreigner.

Eleanor married John, Prince of Portugal, on 22 January 1470. She thereby became the Princess of Portugal. The bride was twelve years old, and the groom was fifteen years old. Her spouse was the only living son of Afonso V of Portugal and Isabel of Coimbra and heir apparent to the Portuguese throne. Eleanor and John spent a lot of their childhood together and were good friends.

Eleanor and John II survived both their sons.


Name Birth Death Notes
Prince Afonso 18 May 1475 13 July 1491 Prince of Portugal. Died in a horse riding accident. Because of the prince's premature death, the throne was inherited by Manuel of Viseu, son of Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, who reigned as Manuel I, 14th King of Portugal.
Infante João 2 March 1482

Prince Afonso (B. 18 May 1475 – D. 13 July 1491) Prince of Portugal. Died in a horse riding accident. Because of the prince's premature death, the throne was inherited by Manuel of Viseu, son of Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, who reigned as Manuel I, 14th King of Portugal.



Important Note 1)

Prince Afonso (B. 18 May 1475 – D. 13 July 1491) Prince of Portugal. Died in a horse riding accident. Because of the prince's premature death, the throne was inherited by Manuel of Viseu, son of Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, who reigned as Manuel I, 14th King of Portugal.

Because John II was the only surviving heir of Afonso V, and John II had no heirs then the throne was inherited by a grandson of Edward I / (Duarte I); Manuel of Viseu, son of Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, who reigned as Manuel I, 14th King of Portugal.


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28) Generation: Manuel I

Manuel I (B. 1469 – D. 1521)

D.Manuel I (English: Emmanuel I; 31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521), the Fortunate (Port. o Venturoso), King of Portugal and the Algarves was the son of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, (1433–1470), by his wife, Infanta Beatrice of Portugal. His name is associated with a period of Portuguese civilization distinguished by significant achievements both in political affairs and the arts. In spite of its small size and population in comparison to the great land powers of Europe, it was able to acquire an overseas empire of vast proportions during Manuel's reign.

Manuel's mother was the granddaughter of King John I of Portugal; his father, Infante Fernando, was the second surviving son of King Edward of Portugal, thus the younger brother of King Afonso V of Portugal. Manuel succeeded in 1495 his first cousin King John II of Portugal, who was also his brother-in-law, being married to Manuel's sister, Leonor.

Manuel would prove a worthy successor to his cousin John II, supporting the Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic Ocean and the development of Portuguese commerce. During his reign, the following was achieved:

1498 — Discovery of a maritime route to India by Vasco da Gama
1500 — Discovery of Brazil by Pedro Álvares Cabral
1505 — Appointment of Francisco de Almeida as the first viceroy of India
1503–1515 — Establishment of monopolies on maritime trade routes to the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf by Afonso de Albuquerque, an admiral, for the benefit of Portugal

All these events made Portugal rich on foreign trade while it formally established a vast overseas empire. Manuel used the wealth to build a number of royal buildings (in the Manueline style) and to attract scientists and artists to his court. Commercial treaties and diplomatic alliances were forged with China and the Persian Empire. The Pope received a monumental embassy from Portugal during his reign designed to draw attention to Portugal's newly acquired riches to all of Europe.


Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal (B. 1482 – D. 1517)

Maria of Aragon (29 June 1482 – 7 March 1517) was a Spanish infanta and the second wife of Portuguese King Manuel I, thus queen consort of Portugal from her marriage on 30 October 1500 until her death.

She was born at Córdoba on 29 June 1482 as the third surviving daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (the Catholic monarchs). She was the fourth of five surviving children and had a twin sister, Anna, who was stillborn. One of her sisters was Catherine of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII of England and mother of Mary I of England. Another sister, Joanna, married Philip, Duke of Burgundy, and was mother of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

As an infanta of Spain, her hand in marriage was very important in European politics; before her marriage to Manuel I of Portugal, her parents entertained the idea of marrying her off to King James IV of Scotland. This was at a time when her younger sister Catherine's marriage to Arthur, Prince of Wales, was being planned. Ferdinand and Isabella thought if Maria was Queen of Scotland, the two sisters could keep the peace between their husbands. These plans, however, came to nothing. Her eldest sister Isabella, Princess of Asturias, was the first wife of Manuel I, but her death in 1498 created a necessity for Manuel to remarry; Maria became the next bride of the Portuguese king, reaffirming dynastic links with Spanish royal houses. Manuel and Maria were married in Alcácer do Sal on 30 October 1500, and together they had 10 children, eight of whom reached adulthood, including King John III of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress Isabella of Portugal, and Beatrice, Duchess of Savoy.

In 1580, the dynastic links from the marriage led to a succession crisis in Portugal that made Philip II of Spain king of Portugal as Philip I of Portugal.

Her marriage with Manuel I produced the following children:






John III 6 June 1502 11 June 1557 succeeded Manuel as King of Portugal.
Infanta Isabella 24 October 1503 1 May 1539 married Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Infanta Beatrice 31 December 1504 8 January 1538 married Charles III, Duke of Savoy.
Infante Louis, Duke of Beja 3 March 1506 27 November 1555 Unmarried but had illegitimate descendants, one of them being Anthony, Prior of Crato, a claimant of the throne of Portugal in 1580
Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Guarda and Trancoso 5 June 1507 7 November 1534 Married Guiomar (Guyomare) Coutinho, Countess of Marialva (?-1534).
Infante Afonso 23 April 1509 21 April 1540 Cardinal of the Kingdom.
Infanta Maria 1511 1513

Infante Henry 31 January 1512 31 January 1580 Cardinal of the Kingdom who succeeded his grandnephew King Sebastian (Manuel's great-grandson) as 17th King of Portugal. His death triggered the struggle for the throne of Portugal.
Infante Edward, Duke of Guimarães 7 October 1515 20 September 1540
Duke of Guimarães and great-grandfather of John IV of Portugal. Married Isabella of Braganza, daughter of Jaime, Duke of Braganza.


Infante Anthony 9 September 1516 1516 Died Young



Important Note (2):

Here is how the throne was inherited by John IV King of Portugal (B. 1604 – D. 1656):

A son of Manuel I, the Infante Edward, Duke of Guimarães (B. 1515 – D. 1540) married Isabella of Braganza a daughter of Jaime, Duke of Braganza.

Infante Edward, Duke of Guimarães / Duarte I, Duke of Guimarães (B. 1515 – D. 1540) - Duke of Guimarães and great-grandfather of John IV of Portugal.

Infante Edward, 4th Duke of Guimarães married Isabella of Braganza and they had a daughter
Infanta Catarina of Guimarães (1540–1614), Duchess of Braganza, married to John, 6th Duke of Braganza, she was a claimant of the throne of Portugal in 1580.

João I, 6th Duke of Braganza (B. 1543 – D. 1583) married Catherine, Duchess of Braganza (1540 – 1614) and they had 10 children including Teodósio II, 7th Duke of Braganza (1568–1630), father of the future king João IV of Portugal (B. 1604 – D. 1656).



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Jaime, Duke of Braganza

Dom Jaime of Braganza (1479 – 20 September 1532) was the 4th Duke of Braganza and the 2nd Duke of Guimarães, among other titles. He is known for reviving the wealth and power of the House of Braganza, which was confiscated by King João II of Portugal.

In 1500, Jaime married Leonor of Pérez de Guzmán, daughter of Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia. They had two children before she was killed in 1512.


Name Birth Death Notes
Isabel 1514 16 September 1576 Married Duarte I, Duke of Guimarães
Teodósio I 1510 22 September 1563 12th Count of Barcelos, 9th Count of Ourém, 6th Count of Arraiolos and Neiva, 5th Duke of Braganza, 4th Marquis of Vila Viçosa


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29) Generation: Infante Edward, 4th Duke of Guimarães

The Infante Edward, 4th Duke of Guimarães (Portuguese: Duarte) (Lisbon, October 7, 1515 – Lisbon, September 20, 1540) was a Portuguese infante (prince); the sixth son of King Manuel I of Portugal and his wife Maria of Aragon.

In 1537 he married Isabella of Braganza, daughter of James, Duke of Braganza, who was dowried with the Dukedom of Guimarães in her own right. After the marriage, Infante Edward became the 4th Duke of Guimarães.

This marriage produced three children:

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John III

John III (B. 1502 – D. 1557)

John III (Portuguese: João III); (7 June 1502 – 11 June 1557) was the King of Portugal and the Algarves from 13 December 1521 to 11 June 1557. He was the son of King Manuel I and Maria of Aragon, the third daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. John succeeded his father in 1521, at the age of nineteen.

During his rule, Portuguese possessions were extended in Asia and in the New World through the Portuguese colonization of Brazil. John III's policy of reinforcing Portugal's bases in India (such as Goa) secured Portugal's monopoly over the spice trade of cloves and nutmeg from the Maluku Islands, as a result of which John III has been called the "Grocer King". On the eve of his death in 1557, the Portuguese empire spanned almost 1 billion acres (about 4 million square kilometers).

During his reign, the Portuguese became the first Europeans to make contact with both China, under the Ming Dynasty, and Japan, during the Muromachi period. He abandoned Muslim territories in North Africa in favor of trade with India and investment in Brazil. In Europe, he improved relations with the Baltic region and the Rhineland, hoping that this would bolster Portuguese trade.

On 10 February 1525, Catherine married her first cousin, King John III of Portugal.


Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal (B. 1507 – D. 1578)

Catherine of Austria, also called Catherine of Castile or Catherine of Burgundy (14 January 1507 – 12 February 1578) was Queen of Portugal as wife of King John III, and regent during the minority of her grandson, King Sebastian, from 1557 until 1562.

John III married Catherine of Austria and they had nine children, but only two survived early childhood.




With John III, King of Portugal (married 10 February 1525)
Prince Afonso 24 February 1526 March 1526 Prince of Portugal (1526).
Princess Maria 15 October 1527 12 August 1545 Princess of Portugal (1527–1531; 1537). First wife of King Philip II of Spain. She had one child, Don Carlos, and she died a few days after his birth.
Infanta Isabella 28 April 1529 28 April 1529

Infanta Beatrice 15 February 1530 15 February 1530

Prince Manuel 1 November 1531 14 April 1537 Prince of Portugal (1531–1537). Declared heir in 1535.
Prince Philip 25 March 1533 29 April 1539 Prince of Portugal (1537–1539). Declared heir in 1537.
Infante Denis 6 April 1535 1 January 1537

Prince John Manuel 3 June 1537 2 January 1554 Prince of Portugal (1537–1554). Declared heir in 1539. Married Joan of Spain.

Their son Sebastian became king.
Infante Anthony 9 March 1539 20 January 1540



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Sebastian I (B.1554 – D. 1578)


Sebastian I (Portuguese: Sebastião I); (20 January 1554 – 4 August 1578) was King of Portugal and the Algarves from 11 June 1557 to 4 August 1578 and the penultimate Portuguese monarch of the House of Aviz.

He was the son of John Manuel, Prince of Portugal, and his wife, Joanna of Austria. He was the grandson of King John III of Portugal and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. He disappeared (was presumably killed in action) in the battle of Alcácer Quibir. Sebastian I is often referred to as The Desired (Portuguese: o Desejado), for the Portuguese people longed for his return, to end the decline of Portugal that had occurred because of his death.

Sebastian was born heir-apparent to the throne of Portugal, since his birth occurred two weeks after the death of his father. He succeeded to the throne at the age of three, on the death of King John III, his paternal grandfather. Soon after his birth, his mother Joanna of Spain left her infant son to serve as Regent of Spain for her father, Emperor Charles V. After his abdication in 1556, she served in the same capacity for her brother Philip II of Spain. Joanna remained in Spain until her death in 1573, never to see her son again.

Since Sebastian was still a child, the regency was handled first by his paternal grandmother, Catherine of Austria, and then by his great-uncle, Cardinal Henry of Évora. This period saw continued Portuguese colonial expansion in Angola, Mozambique, and Malacca, as well as the annexation of Macau in 1557.

Sebastian was a bright and lively boy. Reports say he was fearless due to having "so much strength". Tall, slim, and blond, he was brought up by his grandmother, Catherine, a domineering woman who exercised firm control over her weaker-willed grandson. Later in life, however, he became obstinate and impulsive.

Note: Sebastian never married and he was succeeded as king by his great-uncle Henry, brother of his grandfather, King John III.


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Henry I, King of Portugal (B. 1512 – D. 1580)

Henry (Portuguese: Henrique); (31 January 1512 – 31 January 1580) was King of Portugal and the Algarves and Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. He ruled Portugal between 1578 and 1580. He was known as Henry the Chaste (Portuguese Henrique o Casto).

Born in Lisbon, Henry was the fifth son of King Manuel I of Portugal and Maria of Aragon.

Henry was the younger brother of King John III of Portugal and, as a younger son, he was not expected to succeed to the Portuguese throne. Early in his life, Henry took Holy Orders to promote Portuguese interests within the Catholic Church, then dominated by Spain. He rose fast through the Church hierarchy, becoming in quick succession Archbishop of Braga, Archbishop of Évora and Grand Inquisitor before receiving a Cardinal's hat in 1545, along with the Titulus Ss. Quattuor Coronatorum. Henry, more than anyone, endeavoured to bring the Jesuits to Portugal and employed them in the colonial empire.

He served as regent for his grandnephew, King Sebastian, after 1557, and then succeeded him as king after the disastrous Battle of Alcácer Quibir in 1578 in which Sebastian died. Henry attempted to renounced his clerical offices and sought to take a bride for the continuation of the Avis dynasty, but Pope Gregory XIII, not wanting to anger Philip II, did not release him from his vows.[1] The Cardinal-King died in Almeirim without having appointed a Council of Regency to choose a successor. One of the closest dynastic claimants was King Philip II of Spain who, in November 1580, sent the Duke of Alba to claim Portugal by force. Lisbon soon fell, and Philip was elected King of Portugal at the Portuguese Cortes of Tomar in 1581, on condition that the kingdom and its overseas territories would not become Spanish provinces.


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Habsburg dynasty - personal union of Portugal with Spain

Felipe I (1580 – 1598)
Felipe II (1598 – 1621)
Felipe III (1621 – 1640)


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John IV King of Portugal (B. 1604 – D. 1656)

John IV (Portuguese: João IV de Portugal); (19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656) was the King of Portugal and the Algarves from 1640 to his death. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, who had in 1580 claimed the Portuguese crown and sparked the struggle for the throne of Portugal. John IV was nicknamed John the Restorer (João o Restaurador). On the eve of his death in 1656, the Portuguese Empire reached its zenith, spanning almost 3,000,000,000 acres (12,000,000km2).

John was born at Vila Viçosa and succeeded his father Teodosio II as Duke of Braganza when the latter died insane in 1630. He married Luisa de Guzman (1613–1666), eldest daughter of Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia, in 1633.

He was raised to the throne of Portugal (of which he was held to be the legitimate heir) during the revolution on 1 December 1640, against King Philip III.

His accession led to a protracted war (the Portuguese Restoration War) with Spain, which only ended with the recognition of Portuguese independence in a subsequent reign (1668). Portugal signed lengthy alliances with France (1 June 1641) and Sweden (August 1641) but by necessity its only contributions in the Thirty Years' War were in the field against Spain and against Dutch encroachments on the Portuguese colonies.

In Spain, a Portuguese invasion force defeated the Spanish at Montijo, near Badajoz, in 1644.

Abroad, the Dutch took Portuguese Malacca (Jan 1641) and the Sultan of Oman captured Muscat (1650). Nevertheless the Portuguese, despite having to divide their forces among Europe, Brazil and Africa, managed to retake Luanda, in Portuguese Angola, from the Dutch in 1648 and, by 1654, had recovered most of Brazil, effectively ceasing to be a viable Dutch colony. This was countered by the loss of Portuguese Ceylon (present day Sri Lanka) to the Dutch who took Colombo in 1656.

King John IV died in 1656 and was succeeded by his son Afonso VI. His daughter, Catherine of Braganza, married King Charles II of England.

John married Luisa de Guzmán, daughter of Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzman, 8th Duke of Medina-Sidonia. From that marriage several children were born. Because some of John's children were born and died before their father became king they are not considered infantes or infantas of Portugal.


Name Birth Death Notes
By Luisa de Guzman ( 13 October 1613 – 27 February 1666; married on 12 January 1633)
Infante Teodósio 8 February 1634 13 May 1653 Prince of Brazil and 9th Duke of Braganza. Died young.
Ana de Bragança 21 January 1635 21 January 1635
Infanta Joana (Joan) 18 September 1635 17 November 1653
Infanta Catherine (Catarina) 25 November 1638 31 December 1705 Commonly known as Catherine of Braganza. Queen consort through marriage to Charles II of England.
Manuel de Bragança 6 September 1640 6 September 1640
Infante Afonso 21 August 1643 12 September 1683 Prince of Brazil and 10th Duke of Braganza. Succeeded him as Afonso VI, King of Portugal.
Infante Peter (Pedro) 26 April 1648 9 December 1706 Duke of Beja, Constable of the Kingdom, Lord of the Casa do Infantado and Regent of the Kingdom before succeeding his brother Afonso as Peter II, King of Portugal.
Illegitimate offspring
Maria de Bragança 30 April 1644 7 February 1693 Natural daughter.


Luisa de Guzmán (B. 1613 – D. 1666)

Luisa Maria Francisca de Guzmán y Sandoval (Portuguese: Luísa Maria Francisca de Gusmão; 13 October 1613 – 27 February 1666) was a queen consort of Portugal. She was the spouse of King John IV, the first Braganza ruler, as well as the mother of two kings of Portugal (Afonso VI and Pedro II) and a queen of England (Catherine of Braganza). She served as regent of Portugal from 1656.

Luisa was Spanish by birth, the daughter of Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia, and Juana Lorenza Gomez de Sandoval y la Cerda. Her paternal grandfather was the renowned Alonso de Guzmán, "El Bueno". She married John in 1633.

Despite her Spanish roots, the ambitious Luisa guided her husband's policies during the Portuguese revolution against Habsburg Spain of 1640. She is considered the main influence behind his acceptance of the Portuguese throne when the Revolution seemed to tend to the Portuguese side. It is said that being warned of the dangers of becoming queen of a country that was to face Spain's might she pronounced the famous words:

Antes rainha um dia (in some versions uma hora) que duquesa toda a vida.
Rather queen for a day (in some versions an hour) than a duchess all my life.

When she was made aware of a failed attempt to murder the King in 1641, she is said to have been one of the members of the Corte, which supported the execution of nobles like the Duke of Caminha.
In 1656, she was named Regent of the Kingdom after her husband's death and during the minority of her son Afonso VI.


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Note:

John IV (Portuguese: João IV de Portugal); (19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656) was the King of Portugal and the Algarves from 1640 to his death. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, who had in 1580 claimed the Portuguese crown and sparked the struggle for the throne of Portugal. John IV was nicknamed John the Restorer (João o Restaurador).



30) Generation: Infanta Catherine of Guimarães, Duchess of Braganza

Catherine, Duchess of Braganza (1540 - 1614)

Infanta Catherine of Guimarães, Duchess of Braganza by marriage (Portuguese: Catarina); (1540–1614) was a Portuguese infanta (princess) claimant to the throne following the death of King Henry of Portugal in 1580.

She was the second daughter of Infante Edward, 4th Duke of Guimarães (sixth son of Manuel I of Portugal) and Isabella of Braganza, she was married to John, 6th Duke of Braganza, a descendant of earlier Portuguese monarchs, and head of the most important aristocratic House in Portugal. The duchess had several children, of whom Teodósio of Braganza, was her eldest surviving son. When King Henry died (1580), Edward's issue were the only surviving legitimate heirs of any of the sons of King Manuel I of Portugal. As the male line is preferred in Portuguese succession before the female one, descendants of Manuel I's daughters (such as king Philip II of Spain) had, in principle, only a weaker claim to the throne than Edward's descendants, to whom Catherine belonged.

Her cousin, King Philip II of Spain, used his descent as son of Infanta Isabella, eldest daughter of king Manuel I.

Catherine had married the Duke of Braganza, John, who himself as a grandson of the late James, Duke of Braganza, was a legitimate heir of Portugal. The Duchess' son, Teodósio of Braganza, would have been their royal heir and successor to the throne.

The duchess's claim was relatively strong, as it was reinforced by her husband's position as one of the legitimate heirs; thus they would both be entitled to hold the kingship. Her claim was also strengthened by the fact that she was living in Portugal, and was a mature woman of forty. However, Portugal had not yet had a generally recognized queen regnant, but only males on the throne. Moreover, she was a younger daughter, thus there was a genealogically senior claimant, her nephew Ranuccio.

Philip II of Spain tried to bribe Catherine's husband, the Duke of Braganza, to abandon his wife's pretensions, offering him the Vice-Kingdom of Brazil, the post of Grand-Master of the Order of Christ, a license to send a personal ship to India every year, and the marriage of one of his daughters to Diego, Prince of Asturias, Philip's heir at that time. The Duke of Braganza, influenced by Catherine, refused the proposal.

She failed in the struggle: the strongest claimant was her cousin Philip II of Spain who wanted to unite Portugal in a personal union with the other Spanish kingdoms under himself. The nationalist party, those who desired Portugal to remain independent, supported her illegitimate cousin Anthony of Crato, not Catherine. Anthony lost the final competition to Philip in the Battle of Alcântara in 1580.

In a couple of years, she lost her husband John of Braganza (1543–1583). She lived on as a widowed lady under the rule of her Castilian cousin.

In 1640, Catherine's grandson and direct heir, the then Duke of Braganza, became King John IV of Portugal. The Duchess was then retrospectively acknowledged as the legitimate heir, as result of her descendants obtaining the throne, although in her own lifetime she was only one of several possible heirs. By the unanimous voice of the people John was raised to the throne of Portugal during the revolution effected on December 1, 1640 against the Spanish king, Philip IV.

Manuel I (B. 1469 – D. 1521) married Maria of Aragon (B. 1482 – D. 1517)

Their son Infante Edward, Duke of Guimarães (B. 1515 – D. 1540) - Duke of Guimarães and great-grandfather of John IV of Portugal. Married Isabella of Braganza, daughter of Jaime, Duke of Braganza.


Infante Edward, 4th Duke of Guimarães (B. 1515 – D. 1540)

The Infante Edward, 4th Duke of Guimarães (Portuguese: Duarte) (Lisbon, October 7, 1515 – Lisbon, September 20, 1540) was a Portuguese infante (prince); the sixth son of King Manuel I of Portugal and his wife Maria of Aragon.


In 1537 he married Isabella of Braganza, daughter of James, Duke of Braganza, who was dowried with the Dukedom of Guimarães in her own right. After the marriage, Infante Edward became the 4th Duke of Guimarães.

This marriage produced three children:



João I, 6th Duke of Braganza (B. 1543 – D. 1583)

Dom João I of Braganza (1543 - 22 February 1583) was the 6th Duke of Braganza and 1st Duke of Barcelos, among other titles. He is known pushing the claims of his wife, Infanta Catherine of Guimarães, to the throne of Portugal.

In 1563 he married his 1st cousin Infanta Catherine, daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Guimarães and Isabel of Braganza (João's aunt).

After the disaster of the Battle of Ksar El Kebir, where heirless King Sebastian of Portugal died, the aged Cardinal Henry of Portugal had become King. Because Henry was old and was not allowed to have legitimate children, a dynastical crisis occurred even before the death of the Cardinal. The Duke of Braganza supported his wife's claim to the throne (she was a granddaughter of King Manuel I).

Philip II of Spain (another grandson of Manuel I and also claimant to the throne), tried to bribe him to abandon his wife's pretensions, offering him the Vice-Kingdom of Brazil, the post of Grand-Master of the Order of Christ, a license to send a personal ship to India every year, and the marriage of his eldest son Teodósio of Braganza to one of his daughters (either Isabella Clara Eugenia or Catherine Michelle). The Duke of Braganza, influenced by his wife, refused the proposal.

When the Cardinal-King died, the Duke accompanied the governors of the Kingdom to Lisbon and Setúbal, trying to assure recognition for his wife's claim, but ultimately gave up and accepted the rule of Philip II (future Philip I of Portugal). After the civil war that followed, Anthony, Prior of Crato was defeated at the Battle of Alcântara, and Philip II entered Portugal and was confirmed by the Cortes of Tomar, where João occupied the post of Constable.

When King Philip left to Spain, he endowed the post of Constable of Kingdom to João's heir Teodósio, 7th Duke of Braganza

João I, the 6th Duke of Braganza (B. 1543 – D. 1583) married Catherine, Duchess of Braganza (1540 – 1614) and they had 10 children including Teodósio II, 7th Duke of Braganza (1568–1630), father of the future king João IV of Portugal (B. 1604 – D. 1656).



31) Generation: Teodósio II, the 7th Duke of Braganza

Teodósio II, of Braganza (April 28, 1568 - November 29, 1630) was the 7th Duke of Braganza and 2nd Duke of Barcelos, among other titles.

Teodósio was the son of Infanta Catarina, an ambitious woman who, with her husband the 6th Duke of Bragança, aspired to the throne. Philip II of Spain also aspired to the Portuguese throne and used every means to keep young Teodósio (great-grandson of King Manuel I and a possible threat) out of the country. Only when he had safely secured the crown did Philip II of Spain, now Philip I of Portugal, allow the child's return.

Teodósio became a duke in 1583 at his father's death and grew up to be a faithful servant of the Spanish king of Portugal. He defended Lisbon from the attacks of another candidate (António of Crato) and was responsible for the kingdom's security for many years. Acknowledging this fidelity, Philip II granted the Braganças more lands and titles.

Teodósio II, of Braganza married the Spanish Lady Ana de Velasco y Girón and they had four children.
  • John II, 8th Duke of Bragança (1604–1656), crowned King John IV of Portugal in December 1, 1640
  • Duarte of Bragança (1605–1649), Lord of Vila do Conde
  • Catarina of Bragança (1606–1610)
  • Alexandre of Bragança (1607–1637)

*****



Important Note (3):


José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva Family History


José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (The Patriarch of Brazilian Independence) was born on June 13, 1763 in Santos, Province of Säo Paulo, Brazil. He died in Niterói, capital of the Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on April 6, 1838 at 3:00 PM. He was seventy five years old.

His father Bonifácio José de Andrada was born in Santos, Brazil on May 14, 1726 and he died in 1789 when he was sixty three years old. His mother Maria Barbara da Silva also was born in Santos in 1738 and she died on August 28, 1821 when she was eighty three years old.

His father's family had many noble ancestors in Portugal and in Spain. José Bonifácio's grandfather on his father's side of the family was born in Braga, Portugal in 1678 and his name was José Ribeiro de Andrada. His grandfather died in Santos, Brazil.

His grandmother was born also in Braga, Portugal, her name was Ana da Silva Borges and she was a descendent of one of the most distinguished and influential families from Spain.

According to Afrânio Peixoto in his study of José Bonifácio's genealogical family tree, when he was doing research for his book in Portugal, he came across some documents and he found out that José Bonifácio's great-great-grandfather was a brother of Dom Joäo IV (O Restaurador), translation; (The Liberator or The Restorer.) Dom Joäo IV was the King of Portugal from 1640 to 1656 and he was credited with restoring the liberty of the Portuguese people from Spanish rule.

When I was doing research for my book about Jose Bonifacio in 1998/1999 the book was published in May 2000 - I read a lot of books about Jose Bonifacio at that time, and one of the books said that when Afranio Peixoto was doing research in Portugal for the book he wrote about Jose Bonifacio – Afranio Peixoto found documents saying that the great-great-grandfather of Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva was a younger brother of the 8th Duke of Braganza who became king of Portugal.

I had made a note of this information and include that information in my book, because Afranio Peixoto had an outstanding reputation as an excellent historian and journalist in Brazil. Many historians quotam information provided by many of Afranio Peixoto books. Dr. Júlio Afranio Peixoto (1876 - 1947) was a Brazilian physician, writer, politician, historian, university president, and pioneering eugenicist.

Book by: Ricardo C. Amaral
Published in May 2000

“José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva - The Greatest Man in Brazilian History”
By: Ricardo C. Amaral



Here is another fact that confirm that Jose Bonifacio was a descendent of the Bragança family.


The 2nd Duke of Lafões

The Duke of Lafões, was a major benefactor in José Bonifácio's life, various books about Jose Bonifacio mention the excellent relationship that he had with the Duke of Lafoes (a member of the Bragança royal family) and a close relative of Jose Bonifacio - various books also mention that Jose Bonifacio and the Duke of Lafões refer to each other as cousin.

Dom João Carlos de Bragança and Ligne de Sousa Tavares Mascarenhas da Silva, 2nd Duke of Lafões, 4th Marquess of Arronches and 8th Earl of Miranda do Corvo (born in Lisbon, March 6, 1719 – died in Lisbon, 10 November 1806), politician and leading member of the Portuguese nobility in the late eighteenth century, was Marshal General of the Portuguese Army.

Founding member of the Royal Academy of Sciences, also served as Prime Minister of Portugal between January 6 and May 21, 1801.

The 2nd Duke of Lafões was the second son of Prince Miguel de Bragança, Duke of Lafões, a son of King Pedro II, so a close relative of the Portuguese royal family. Born in Lisbon on 6 March and he was baptized on April 25, 1719 by Patriarch D. Thomas Adams, and his godfather was John V, his uncle. The 2nd Duke of Lafões 4th Marquis Arronches, 8th Count of Miranda, became governor of Extremadura, a writer and scholar, founder of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon. The heir of a massive fortune of his eldest brother, Prince Pedro Henrique de Bragança, 1st Duke of Lafões, and by his death, his brother inherited this landlords, alcaidarias - mores, commendations, padroados and other property owned by him. Sousa 's house, whence descended on the maternal side, was of ancient nobility, as an institution that dates back to the year 300.

The father married on January 30, 1715 with D. Luisa Cashmere Nassau and Sousa, Marquise of Arronches, successor of important House of the Counts of Miranda, being in possession of all the property of the crown and orders, morgados, padroados and other privileges belonging to it. By this way, the infant was in the enjoyment of an immense wealth, however briefly, since he died on January 13, 1724, drowned in the river Tejo, in a boat accident in Lisbon. The wife survived him five years and she died on May 16, 1729.

The heir of important House was the firstborn, D. Pedro Henrique de Bragança, who by decree of King John V of February 17, 1718, confirmed by letter dated 5 September of the same year, was made 1st Duke of Lafões. However, D. Peter Henry died in 1761, leaving no successor, leaving as heir to his brother, which is why this accede later title 2nd Duke of Lafões, 4th Arronches Marquis (1738), and 8th Conde de Miranda.


*****



32) Generation: Duarte of Bragança (1605–1649), Lord of Vila do Conde



33) Generation: José Ribeiro de Andrada father/mother were descendabt of Duarte of Bragança



34) Generation: José Ribeiro de Andrada (1678 – 1767)



35) Generation: Bonifácio José Ribeiro de Andrada (1726 – 1789)



36) Generation: José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (1763 – 1838)



37) Generation: Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada (1775 – 1844) married to Gabriela Frederica Ribeiro de Andrada

Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada married his niece, a daughter of José Bonifácio named Gabriela Frederica Ribeiro de Andrada in Santos, Brazil on November 15, 1820.

Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada had five children with his wife Gabriela Frederica Ribeiro de Andrada including José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (The Young) / (O Moco.)
He was born on November 8, 1827, in France during exile. He was named José Bonifácio in honor of his famous grandfather.



38) Generation: José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (The Young) / (O Moco) (1827 - 1886)

Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva (The Young) was a son of Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada, and a grandson of Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva (The Patriarch of Independence.) His mother Gabriela Frederica Ribeiro de Andrada was the second oldest daughter of Jose Bonifacio and she married her uncle Martim Francisco.

Jose Bonifacio (The Young) was named Jose Bonifacio in honor of his famous grandfather. He did not have the same type of arrogant temperament as his father and his grandfather.
José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (The Young) married Adelaide Eugênia Aguiar de Andrada on August 3, 1854.

Adelaide Eugênia Aguiar de Andrada was a granddaughter of Barbara Joaquina de Andrada a sister of José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (The Patriarch.)

José Bonifácio (The Younger) and his wife Adelaide Eugênia had seven children including Maria Flora de Andrada e Silva (1862 - .)



39) Generation: Maria Flora de Andrada e Silva

Maria Flora de Andrada e Silva married in 1878 Carlos de Souza Queiroz.

Maria Flora de Andrada e Silva and her husband Carlos de Souza Queiroz had four daughters including Sylvia Andrada de Souza Queiroz (1894 - 1988)



40) Generation: Sylvia Andrada de Souza Queiroz

Sylvia Andrada de Souza Queiroz (1894 - 1988)

Sylvia Andrada de Souza Queiroz married Genaro Pilar do Amaral and they had four children including Jose Carlos Pilar do Amaral (1926 - 1996)



41) Generation: Jose Carlos Pilar do Amaral

Jose Carlos Pilar do Amaral (1926 - 1996)

José Carlos Pilar do Amaral married Vera Lia C. Amaral and they had three children including Ricardo C. Amaral



42) Generation: Ricardo C. Amaral



*****



Note:

38) Generation: José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (The Young) / (O Moco) (1827 - 1886)


José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (The Young) / (O Moco) had an older brother, Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada (The Second) – He was born on November 8, 1827, in France during the exile. He was named in honor of his father.

He also had a younger brother Antonio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada. He was born on March 3, 1836 in Santos, Brazil after his father had returned from exile. He was named in honor of his uncle.

He also had two sisters, and both never married, and had no children.

The branch of the “Andrada Family” from Minas Gerais are descendants of the younger brother Antonio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada.


**********



History of Portugal - RULERS OF PORTUGAL

YEAR

1095 - 1128 Alfonso VI of Castile


Burgundy dynasty

1128 - 1185 Alfonso I , from 1139 king
1185 - 1211 Sancho I
1211 - 1223 Alfonso II
1223 - 1248 Sancho II
1248 - 1279 Alfonso III
1279 - 1325 Diniz
1325 - 1357 Alfonso IV
1357 - 1367 Pedro I
1367 - 1383 Fernando I
1383 – 1385 regent

Aviz dynasty

1385 – 1433 Joao I (regent 1383 - 1385)
1433 – 1438 Duarte (O Elequente)
1438 – 1481 Alfonso V
1481 – 1495 Joao II
1495 – 1521 Manoel I
1521 – 1557 Joao III
1557 – 1578 Sebastiao (O Desejado)
1578 – 1580 Henrique I


Habsburg dynasty - personal union with Spain

1580 – 1598 Felipe I
1598 – 1621 Felipe II
1621 – 1640 Felipe III


Braganca dynasty

1640 – 1656 Joao IV (Joao o Restaurador) (The Eighth Duke of Braganca)
1656 - 1683 Alfonso VI
1683 - 1706 Pedro II
1706 - 1750 Joao V
1750 - 1777 José I
1777 - 1786 Pedro III
1777 - 1816 Maria I
1816 - 1826 Joao VI
1826 Pedro IV
1826 - 1828 Maria II
1828 - 1833 Miguel I
1833 - 1853 Maria II


Braganca - Coburg dynasty

1837 - 1853 Ferdinando
1853 - 1861 Pedro V
1861 - 1889 Luiz I
1889 - 1908 Carlos I
1908 - 1910 Manoel II


**********



Here are some more facts about my ancestors and Family History.

The Souza Queiroz family branch also has documented that the Senator Francisco Souza Queiroz - Barão de Souza Queiroz is a direct descendant of Alfonso VI – King of Spain and his wife Princess Zayda / Isabel of Seville.

In 2005 some of my cousins got in contact with me because our family was in the process of writing various books documenting the history of our family and the impact that they had in Brazilian history.

I just received a book published about our family at the end of last year. One of my cousins who was a senior columnist for the “O Estado de Sao Paulo” (The newspaper in Brazil equivalent to The New York Times in the US), he told me that there were right now six historians in Brazil doing research and writing books about our family and on the genealogical tree of the Barao de Souza Queiroz (one of my great-great grandfathers).

The historians found some interesting information regarding the ancestors of the Baron de Souza Queiroz, and they included various kings of Spain. They were able to trace his ancestors all the way to Alfonso VI – King of Spain around 1095. The interesting information about that particular ancestor is that he married the Muslim Princess Zaida/Zayda (b. 1071- d.1103) – the daughter of Muhammad III (Abu-l-Kasim) Al-Mutamid, King of Seville. Muhammad III born in 1040, in Seville, Spain, and after the Spanish drove him out of Spain he became the Emir of Morocco and he died in 1095, in Aghmat, Morocco at age 55.

When Muslim Princess Zaida/Zayda married Alfonso VI – King of Spain, she was baptized Catholic and they changed her name to Isabel of Seville.

I find interesting that the historians in Brazil were able to trace the ancestors of my great-great-grandfather – the Baron of Souza Queiroz all the way to the year 1095.


***


Note: Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (Vivar c.1040 – Valencia, 10 July 1099), known as “El Cid” Campeador, was a Castilian nobleman, then military and political leader who conquered and governed the city of Valencia. Rodrigo Díaz was educated in the royal court of the Castile and became the alférez, or chief general, of “Alfonso VI,” fighting against the Moors in the early Reconquista.


***


The Baron of Souza Queiroz had eleven children and my great-grandfather was the Baron’s youngest child.

My great-grandfather Carlos de Souza Queiroz, married Maria Flora de Andrada e Silva.
Maria Flora was a daughter of Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva (The Young).

The marriage of my great-grandfather Carlos de Souza Queiroz with Maria Flora de Andrada e Silva – brought together the two most influential families in Brazil.

Brazzil magazine - January 2003

“The Brazilian Ruling Class”
Written by Ricardo C. Amaral


*****


Over the years, I had written about the fact that my great-great-grandfather Francisco Souza Queiroz - Barão de Souza Queiroz was a direct descendant of Alfonso VI – King of Spain and his wife Princess Zayda / Zaida - Isabel of Seville, because I thought it was cool that they had made a movie about El Cid regarding events that had happened during the time Alfonso VI was the King of Spain.

Only recently I found out that his wife Princess Zayda / Zaida was a direct descendant of the Prophet Mohammed.

I started researching about Princess Zayda / Zaida, because when I mentioned to a friend that I was a descendant of this Moslem Princess this friend asked me if she was a Sunni or a Shia the branches of the Moslem religion – and I told her that I had no idea.

After many months of doing all this research I still don't know if Princess Zayda and her father Muhammad III (Abu-l-Kasim) Al-Mutamid, King of Seville were Sunnis or Shias.

What makes it hard to figure out is because Princess Zayda and her father were descendants of Fatimah Zahra a daughter of Prophet Mohammed that married Ali ibn Abi Talib (4th Caliph).

And Ali was also the first male who accepted Islam. Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided Caliphs), while Shias regard Ali as the first Iman and consider him and his descendants the rightful successors to Muhammad, all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt, the household of Muhammad. This disagreement split the Ummah (Muslim community) into the Sunni and Shia branches.

The big question still remain: Princess Zayda and her father Muhammad III (Abu-l-Kasim) Al-Mutamid, King of Seville; they were Sunnis or Shias?


**********


Ricardo C. Amaral - Author and economist

He can be reached at:
brazilamaral@yahoo.com




***************************************



Note:


Some readers of my latest blog (the above blog) asked me why don't I try again to revive the project about “The José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva Center for Brazilian History Studies.”

The problem is to find the source of funding for such a project.

You can read about the project here:

“The Brazilian Cultural Society” and

“The José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva Center for Brazilian History Studies”


What I had in mind for ”The José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva Center for Brazilian History Studies” was for the center also to study the economic system of Brazil, and have seminars about these two subjects on a regular basis.


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